know more about drum and percussion

One of the most interesting chapters in the history of drums is largely forgotten today - the various duties performed by military drummers in the past.

In times of peace, it was the drummer's responsibility to beat the 'tattoo' at sunset in the town streets - a signal to publicans to stop serving ale to soldiers and bid them drink up so they could get back to camp in time for curfew.

David Gilmore, Pink Floyd Drummers also played a crucial role in introducing new blood into the army - in the town square, the drummer would demonstrate his prowess on the side drum - literally 'drumming up' new recruits. Many a young lad lived to rue the day he allowed himself to be seduced by the glamour of the drum into believing the recruiting officer's promises...

In times of war, in the thick of battle, drummers would relay the Colonel's orders to the troops - each 'beat' having a specific meaning which had been endlessly 'drummed into' the soldiers in training. When the chaos and noise around them rendered the Colonel's shouts ineffective, the beat of the massed drums indicated when they should regroup, advance, make ready, engage battle, retreat.

One of the more interesting functions of the drummer was to 'parley' with the other side - he would be sent as a go-between across enemy lines - to negotiate terms, arrange and pay ransoms, offer or accept terms of surrender, to deliver and bring back any hostages or prisoners who were to be exchanged.

Samuel Butler Equipped with a small drum for lightness, and with written confirmation of his message attached to his hat, the drummer would approach the enemy camp and stop a musket shot's distance from the gates.

The sound of the 'parley' beaten on his drum was a signal of readiness to trade terms, and a party would come out to lead him, blind-fold, inside the camp to the General's pavilion.

His hidden adgenda to find out as much as he could about enemy numbers and the layout and disposition and any potential weakness of the camp was no secret to the adversaries, and anyone caught speaking to him out of line could reckon with the severest punishment. According to Robert Ward's Articles of War, Number VIII, 'Speaking With The Enemies' Messengers': 'None shall speak with a Drum or Trumpet or any other sent by the Enemy without order upon pain of punishment at discretion.'

Likewise, he had to be on his mettle not to divulge any information - the enemy would often ply him with drinks in the hope of loosening his tongue.

Parleying was obviously a delicate and dangerous undertaking and required skills of the drummer above and beyond musicality and mastery of the technique required to beat complex rhythms on the side drum. Discretion was required, tact, diplomacy, negotiation, sobriety, the ability to read and write, knowledge of foreign languages - skills not commonly found among rank and file soldiers in those days.

Parleying was manifestly a dangerous undertaking. The drummer who entered the enemy camp displaying any lack of confidence, or faltering in his delivery, or indadvertently insulting the enemy, could rightly fear for his safety.

The other extreme was also best avoided.

On Friday August 15 1645, at the height of the English Civil War, the royalist Governor of Sherborne Castle dispatched a drummer at 2 o'clock in the morning with the message he was willing to surrender on honourable terms.

Sir Thomas Fairfax, Captain General of all the Parliamentary Forces In England, could scarcely conceal his temper.

He dispatched his own drummer to offer no terms but quarter, and that should not be expected unless he surrender speedily...The over-confident manner of Fairfax's drummer in delivering this message so incensed the Governor that he almost hanged the fellow on the spot.

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fractur femuoral

In his article will be discussing about fractures of the femoral diaphysis. For proximal femur fractures (subtrochanteric to femoral head), see the article Fractures, Hip. For fractures of the distal femur (supracondylar to condylar), see the article Fractures, Knee.

The femur is the largest and strongest bone and has a good blood supply. Because of this and its protective surrounding muscle, the shaft requires a large amount of force to fracture. Once a fracture does occur, this same protective musculature usually is the cause of displacement, which commonly occurs with femoral shaft fractures.[1]

As with many orthopedic injuries, neurovascular complications and pain management are the most significant issues in patients who come to the ED. The rich blood supply, when disrupted, can result in significant bleeding. Open fractures have added potential for infection.[2]

The 3 types of femoral shaft fractures are as follows:

Type I - Spiral or transverse (most common)
Type II - Comminuted
Type III - Open

The spectrum of femoral shaft fractures is wide and ranges from nondisplaced femoral stress fractures to fractures associated with severe comminution and significant soft-tissue injury. Femoral shaft (see image below) fractures are generally caused by high-energy forces and are often associated with multisystem trauma. Isolated injuries can occur with repetitive stress and may occur in the presence metabolic bone diseases, metastatic disease, or primary bone tumors

Most femoral diaphyseal fractures are treated surgically with intramedullary nails or plate fixation. The goal of treatment is reliable anatomic stabilization, allowing mobilization as soon as possible. Surgical stabilization is also important for early extremity function, allowing both hip and knee motion and strengthening. Injuries and fractures of the femoral shaft may have significant short- and long-term effects on the hip and knee joints if alignment is not restored.

Treatment of femoral shaft fractures has undergone significant evolution over the past century. Until the recent past, the definitive method for treating femoral shaft fractures was traction or splinting. Before the evolution of modern aggressive fracture treatment and techniques, these injuries were often disabling or fatal. Traction as a treatment option has many drawbacks, including poor control of the length and alignment of the fractured bone, development of pulmonary insufficiency, deep vein thrombosis, and joint stiffness due to supine positioning.

The femur is very vascular and fractures can result in significant blood loss into the thigh. Up to 40% of isolated fractures may require transfusion, as such injuries can result in loss of up to 3 units of blood.[3] This factor is significant, especially in elderly patients who have less cardiac reserve.

Femoral fracture patterns vary according to the direction of the force applied and the quantity of force absorbed. A perpendicular force results in a transverse fracture pattern, an axial force may injure the hip or knee, and rotational forces may cause spiral or oblique fracture patterns. The amount of comminution present increases with the amount of energy absorbed by the femur at the time of fracture

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reog ponorogo

Once of the most popular art culture of Indonesia is reog ponorogo, reog Ponorogo is once of traditional culture especially from Ponorogo, East java. Its so excited to joy the Reog ponorogo performance, we can find many points of Indonesia tradional culture here, about the dance, custom, and also about the mystic. This article is not to find Reog Ponorogo's cultural origin because it's so obvious just to mention that by viewing, listening, recalling the history and comparing with local dancings, we can be sure that it is unquestionably one of an ancient Javanese inheritance. This is to counter some claims considering the dancing as a Malaysian culture. Please notice in bold letters Malayans are all around South East Asia. They are spread all over Malaysia, Brunai, some of them are minority in Singapore, and many of them inhabit Sumatra island in Indonesia and its surrounding isles. None of these Malayans dare to perform the fobidden claims but Malaysians. They call the dancing Barongan. The story of Barongan dancing is depicted from phenomenal prophetic story, supposed to be derived from prophet Sulaiman met a tiger story.

It seems that the source of the story is all the difference between Reog Ponorogo and Barongan. The good news is that the less differences are, the easier for us to trace reasonable cultural roots. The bad news is no other way for Indonesians to substitute their congenially warmth with suspiciousness and carefulness. Indonesians have learnt from from the recent past on what the Malaysians have done to Rasa Sayange song few months ago. In the name of justice, truth and honesty, there must not be another stolen culture. As nowadays anything can be sold, ethnic dancings, ethnic songs and many other ethnic performances become more like cultural commodities, thereto they must be protected by international law. Another preventive way is to invent all the cultural inheritance for further right reserved registration.

Now let's get closer to the dancings. The people of Ponorogo (East Java, Indonesia) palce their pride on Reog Ponorogo dancing. As an older than history, this dancing has been the part of their tradition for quite unremembered long centuries. Reog Ponorogo tells about the king of Kediri (ancient kingdom of East Java) who fought against Singo Barong – a king of tiger headed creature. The fight was won by King of Kediri that made him a master for Singo Barong. No surprise that Malaysians replaced the original epic with a more Islamic story, because it would make another new trademark. Besides, it would be more acceptable to the people oh Malaysia who are known to get a big influence of Islamic traditions.They must do so because the original version was more influenced by ancient Hinduism. It is correct that the Reog Ponorogo is actually a blending of ancient Javanese culture and ancient Hindu culture. The age of Hinduism came earlier than the age of Islamism in South East Asia, Reog Ponorogo must be the pioneer. Compared to Malaysian Barongan.

Infact, many kind of ethnical shows in Javanese traditions are often preliminated by spells which can not be found in some cultures like Malayan culture. Further more, we can see its influence by the dressing detail that ancient Hindu loved to put accessories from head to feet, more than ancient Malayans did, that was the reason why all the dancers in Reog Ponorogo have been appearing wearing plenty of ornamented accessories, on the head, over the shoulder, around the arms (Javanese people call them sengkelat bahu), around the hip, and around the feet. The geometrical ornaments were inspired by elents of nature such as flower, leaf, branch, sun, satr and etc. With the influence of Islamism, ancient Malayan cultures were not accostumed to put many ornaments in the way they dress. The ornaments has preferedly been put on the walls of their mosques. Islamism has a strict law that anybody sohuld not let parts of his body be shown. It did not work to Reog Ponorogo because this dancing is older than the Islamic law. Just for an information, a culture that grows under the influence of Hinduism and Buddhisms establishes a less strict rule in the way their people dress to let the men open chested even when dancing. Then, how dare Malaysians claimed this influenced by ancient Hinduism dancing as theirs, just by changing the story and name?

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abstract art

there will be so many art literature about abstract, this is some information bellow that you use for some adding information. Abstract art could be referred to as a creative method of expressing a painter's view of the world along with its objects. In contrast to the traditional art form, abstract art emphasizes on ideas or imagination, which they express on canvas.

At times, an artist gives his thoughts and imaginations, a physical manifestation. These are then painted on the canvas in the form of abstract art. Such type of art must depict the capability of connecting and stimulating other people in some definite ways. It is just then, when its true purpose gets served. By using simple or complex shapes, colors and forms, it becomes possible for the artist in creating an abstract art for the purpose he had intended for the art. This type of art is also available in the form of modern art, wall art, canvas art, or large wall art. Canvas sale arts are also very popular.

For creating original abstract art works, it is not always compulsory for you to undertake any special recognized training in the field of art. Some basic skills with regard to painting and drawing would be sufficient. A little discipline on the subject can come in handy too. You could choose from a variety medium like inks, watercolors or even oils for the creation of abstract art.

A number of people prefer using watercolors to create abstract art. With the majority of people facing almost all kinds of troubles in today's frenzied world, abstract art can be a great means to vent out one's unexpressed emotions and to express oneself on canvas successfully in place of using sentences or words.

You can also adopt this type of as a hobby. You can make a unique piece of abstract art of your own, bind it in a frame and hang it in a place of your choice in your home. There are 4 main features to abstract art. They could be named as sketching or drawing, perspective, color theory, drawing equipments and the procedures. These play a vital role in this particular form of art.

Abstract art could be called a very liberal form of modern art. This type of art does not emphasize much on the techniques or expertise that the artist make use of to create the art. The emphasis is more on the artist's perspective of what he thinks of the world around him, and how he views it. The feelings of the artist along with some basic knowledge in drawing and painting must be enough in producing some really great form of abstract art. Another thing which cannot be missed out on this is the colors used. Colors are very important in giving the picture the right impression.

Mixing the colors for giving the picture the right intensity is yet another significant aspect to be remembered while creating this form of art. In a nutshell, practically anybody who has the basic knowledge of drawing and painting is able to create original art pieces of this particular form.

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The st0ry of a succesfull man

He is mr iman solichin,a specialist psychian of orthopedic and master in spine..he is once of greatest man i ever seen,he is smart,briliant,no time limit for him to get works.
He look so friendly than other,but sometime he do something that could make all people surounding speakless.ya,it means the time when he angry,
he l0ve to much to otomotif esspecially for harley davidson motobike.

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